Certified Sommelier Practice Exam

New Zealand’s North Island is characterized primarily by volcanic soils. This is especially significant in regions such as Hawke's Bay and parts of Auckland, where past volcanic activity has contributed to the fertility of the land. Volcanic soils typically have a high mineral content and good drainage properties, which support the growth of various grape varietals.

While alluvial mountain runoff can be found in certain regions, it is not the predominant soil type across the North Island. Alluvial soils, formed from sediments carried by water, are often present in river valleys and flood plains, but they do not define the broader landscape in the same way that volcanic soils do in this region.

Sandy soils and clay soils also exist, but they represent smaller areas compared to the extensive volcanic soil regions. Sandy soils tend to have lower fertility and water retention, while clay soils can retain moisture but may present challenges for drainage, which can affect vineyard practices.

Overall, recognizing the importance of volcanic soils helps to understand the terroir of New Zealand's North Island and its influence on the unique characteristics of the wines produced there.